Obsidian has been known since prehistoric times, and has some fascinating properties as well as some important practical uses. In addition to its use as a gemstone, obsidian has been used in cardiac surgery, as well-crafted obsidian blades have a cutting edge many.
- The iridescence of obsidian can be gold, silver, blue, violet, green or combinations of these colors. The rainbow colors of rainbow obsidian come from the presence of augitic pyroxene. 'Fire' or 'flame' obsidian reflects bright colors due to the presence of nanometric magnetite crystal layers.
- All brightly colored, transparent 'Obsidians' are man-made. There has been red, cherry red, blue/green, blue, yellow, purple, dark green, cobalt blue, etc — as many colors as is possible to create have been created. These colored 'Obsidians' are nothing more than art glass with some color introduced. This is very slick marketing.
- Obsidian (/əbˈsɪdiən/) is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed when lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimal crystal growth. It is an igneous rock. Obsidian is produced from felsic lava, rich in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium.
- Check out our blue green obsidian selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our rocks & geodes shops.
We know three main classes of rocks, sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. In Limestone article, we learned how sedimentation occurs, and the formation of sedimentary rocks takes place. Today, we are going to know Obsidian rock, which falls in the main class of igneous rocks.
We know igneous rocks have two basic types:
1. Intrusive Igneous Rocks
When molten lava/magma is cooling slowly below the surface of the earth and forms large crystals in the rocks they known as intrusive igneous rocks. For examples-
| Diorite | Gabbro | Granite |
| Pegmatite | Peridotite |
1 – Extrusive Igneous Rocks
When molten magma is cooling rapidly onto the surface of the earth and forms small crystals in the rocks they known as extrusive igneous rocks. For examples-
| Obsidian | Andesite | Basalt |
| Dacite | Pumice | Rhyolite |
| Scoria | Tuff | Fire Opal |
What Is Obsidian Rock?
If you strive to know the obsidian meaning, go ahead in this section. Obsidian is a class of igneous rocks, which forms when felsic lava extruded from a volcano onto the surface of the earth.
The cooling of lava takes place so rapidly that no chance remains for proper crystallization (Atomic Arrangements) and finds as an amorphous glass material. It has a smooth and uniform texture, which breaks with a conchoidal fracture.
Geological Classification of Obsidian Rocks:
Let’s see the classification of obsidian rocks at the perspectives of a geologist.
| Class: Igneous RocksSub-Class: Medium Hardness Rocks Family-Group: Volcanic Category: Opaque Rocks Alternate Names: Lava, Glassy Lava, Xaga, Royal Agate, Glass Agate, Volcanic Glass, Glass Gem, Guardian Gem, and Black Beauty |
Formation of Obsidian Rocks in Nature
We have seen in the earlier section that obsidian is an extrusive rock type and formation used to takes place on the surface of the earth when magma or lava coming out due to volcanic phenomena and rapid cooling takes place. The obsidian formation can happen in a variety of cooling environment such as
- Along the edges of a flow of magma or lava
- Along the edges of a dome of the volcano
- Along the edges of a sill or dike, which takes place under the surface and it is the only intrusive type
- The point where magma comes into contact with water on the surface
- The point where magma cools due to airborne cooling effects
Natural Stone Pavers Collection | ||
Exotic Collection | Premia Collection | Porcelain Pavers |
Steps Stones | Window Sills | Pool Copings |
Properties of Obsidian
Obsidians have various physical & visual properties, such as Hardness, Grain Size, Fracture, Streak (Colors), Porosity, Luster, and Strength. These all property attributes determine the applications of obsidian rocks. Let’s see some significant properties of obsidians.
Specific Gravity & Density of Obsidian
The density of rock used to expresses as specific gravity, and it is measured in relevance to the density of water in gram per cubic centimeter of the mass. The density of obsidian is 2.55 g/cubic cm. It means it is heavier than water and dense medium as a mass.
Streaks & Colors of ObsidianThe streak of obsidian is white, but various colors occur in nature. Frequently found colors of Obsidian rocks are: The highest occurrence of obsidians is in Black, but it also available in Brown, Green, or Tan. Rarely found colors of Obsidian rocks are: A very rare occurrence of obsidians is in Blue, Orange, Red, and Yellow. The occurrence of color is due to the presence of different trace elements in obsidian rocks. | The hardness of Obsidian (How Hard Is Obsidian Rocks)In physics and geology, the hardness of the physical objects or rocks is measured in Moh’s scale, which rates the objects in question on the scale from 1 to 10.
Based on Moh’s hardness scale, obsidians fall into a medium hard category of rocks because obsidian rocks have 5-5.5 Moh’s hardness scale. It also means obsidian is easy to scratch. |
Compressive Strength of ObsidianWhen a compressive pressure (In Newton unit) applied on the rocks a permanent deformation of rocks takes place at a point of pressure. It is termed as the compressive strength of rocks and obsidians fractured or permanently deformed at 0.15 N per square millimeter. It means obsidian is easy to break and chipped by some impacts. It also renders obsidian as the unfit stone for rings and bracelets like jewelry production. | Porosity of ObsidianIt is a less porous rock, so it has a medium hardness. |
Obsidian FractureObsidians breaks into the conchoidal fracture. Obsidian has no natural or defined planes of separation when a pressure exceeding its physical strength exerts on it. Therefore, smoothly curved fracture takes place on the surface of obsidian glass rock. The images at the side are depicting the phenomena beautifully and precisely. | Luster & Transparency of ObsidianIn Obsidian, only 1% of water exists. It means it is vitreous and due to the high presence of silica and other glass-forming minerals, it is translucent in transparency. |
What Type of Rock Is Obsidian?
Geologically, rocks used to divide into types. Based on the texture of the Obsidian rock types are decided. The main types of Obsidian rocks are as follows:
| Mahogany Obsidian | When two colors, Black and Brown swirled together in a single obsidian rock, Mahogany Obsidian takes place. |
| Obsidian is kind of glass and chemically unstable. Overtime crystallization process takes place in the mass of rock. If the formation of crystals happens in a radial cluster of white or gray crystals (cristobalite) at different and isolated locations, it referred to as Snowflake obsidian. | Snowflake Obsidian |
| Rainbow Obsidian | Seldom obsidians have an iridescent or metallic “Sheen” thanks to the reflection of light rays. It used to takes place due to minute inclusions of mineral crystals, gas trapped in obsidian, and some debris. It results in a prismatic effect found due to the glass matter of obsidians, and white light rays are fragmenting in the rainbow color spectrum. |
| If metallic sheen reflecting light rays in golden color, the gold sheen obsidians occur. In black obsidian, golden inclusions take place it shines as yellow and honey metals in the mass of obsidian. | Gold Sheen Obsidian |
| Silver Sheen Obsidian | Similarly, if metallic sheen found in silver color, the silver sheen obsidians take place. |
| When tiny bubbles of gas trapped in the rock and resulting in a reflection of purple color, a purple sheen obsidian happens. | Purple Sheen Obsidian |
| Double Flow Obsidian | Sometimes the two different colors exist in the same specimen of the obsidian rock. Moreover, the occurrence of different colors takes place in a pattern of flows, and it is flowing in a different direction, we termed it a double flow obsidian. |
| Black is the most common color found in obsidians. Therefore, the highest occurrence of obsidians found in the black glass. It projects a shiny black hue and popular as a black gemstone in the jewelry industry. | Black Obsidian |
| Pumpkin Obsidian | When obsidian is reflecting mainly pumpkin color in pale brown shades, it called as pumpkin obsidian. It resembles Mahogany obsidians in looks and brown to black and beige bands of colors found in the mass of obsidians. |
| Green-colored obsidians occur seldom and when polished they resemble emerald and used for jewelry purposes. It found in mossy to pickle green color shades. | Green Obsidian |
The occurrence of Obsidian Rocks in Different Geographic Regions of the Earth
Obsidian is falling into a volcanic-group of rocks. Therefore, the occurrence of Obsidian confined to geological areas where volcanic activity happened in the recent past. Obsidian rocks are not expected in volcanic areas of distance past like before billions of years because the glassy rocks are destroying rapidly due to weathering effects and various geological processes.
Significant deposits of obsidian rocks exist in the following continents of the world.
| Asia: | Afghanistan, Indonesia, Japan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Russia. |
| Africa: | Kenya. |
| Europe: | Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Scotland, and Turkey. |
| North America: | Canada, Mexico, and the USA. |
| Central America: | El Salvador, Guatemala, and Papua New Guinea. |
| >South America: | Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru. |
| Australia: | New Zealand. |
The highest production of jewelry grade obsidians takes place in the United States. However, in the USA, obsidian rocks are not found in eastern regions of the Mississippi River because that area lacks volcanic activities in the recent past at all. The remaining areas of the States of America where obsidian rocks available are:
| Arizona | California | Idaho | Nevada |
| New Mexico | Oregon | Washington | Wyoming |
| Colorado | Texas | Utah |
Obsidian rocks also available in Virginia, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina.
Obsidian Uses
Now, I am going to acknowledge your use of obsidian. Do you know a conchoidal fracture of a rock resulting in pieces of rocks in curved surfaces?
Obsidian rocks can produce fragments with sharp edges, and sharp fragments of obsidian rocks first used as cutting tools in ancient eras of the civilization of humankind.
Today, a variety of uses found in different industries, such as:
Obsidians as Weapons & Tools:The human civilization has used obsidian rocks to make knives, spear points, arrowheads, scrapers, and various weapons. Knives and blades were fine for kitchen applications. Scrappers were used in land digging, agriculture, and gardening applications. Arrowheads and spear points were provided the sharpest tools for warriors in the creation of various weapons. |
Obsidians in Construction Industry:Obsidian rocks use in interior and exterior decoration. Decorative aggregates, gravels, and pebbles from obsidian rocks are a favorite material for creating architectural beauty and artwork on walls, ceilings, and floors of the buildings. Artworks in gardens, patios, swimming pools, fire features, and water features look amazing when obsidian rocks applied along with other Gemstones. It also used as mirror elements in the decoration of the interior, exterior, and construction of artifacts for various applications in life. |
Obsidians in Medical Surgery:Obsidian rocks are continuously used in the modern era to create cutting-edge surgical tools. Studies have revealed the fact that thin blades for scalpel of obsidians are superior in sharpness and performance than or equivalent to blades created from the latest surgical steel. Do you know household razor blades are 300-600 Angstroms while obsidian can produce blades of 30 Angstroms? It means obsidian can produce the sharpest materials that only Nanotechnologies can produce. If you look at the sharpest edge of the steel blade in the microscope, you will notice almost saw-like teeth on the edge. Whereas, the obsidian blade has no bite because it has an evenly smooth edge at the microscopic level. Therefore, wounds cut by obsidian blades are healing significantly faster than wounds by steel blades. |
Obsidians in Antiquity and Jewelry Industry:Obsidian rocks often cut into beads and cabochons. Mahogany and Snowflakes obsidian types of rocks are providing gemstones for earrings, brooches, and pendants. In the creation of Opal Doublets and Triplets, a thin slice of obsidian is glued as a backing material in the construction of composite gemstones. The black obsidian is an ideal material in making Opals to offer color-contrasting background. However, medium-strength of obsidian with 5.5 hardness creates durability concerns and the jewelry industry avoids its use as they apply diamonds and other gemstones. |
Obsidian Rocks for Sales
If you are curious about obsidian for sale, I would like to describe obsidian rocks for sale in a nutshell here.
Obsidians are delicate rocks for many jewelry applications where the chances of various impacts are high. So, the jewelry industry avoids the high usage of these natural rocks/gems/glasses. It mainly used in delicate jewelry, and the following varieties are popular for commercial usages of obsidians.
The richest market of obsidian for sales is aiming for heal purposes. It is believed that obsidian stones have natural healing capabilities. Therefore, along with described various obsidian types earlier, the following varieties of obsidian products are in demand in the healing gemstone market.
| Apache Tears | Spiderweb | Cat Eye |
| Flame/Fire | Peanut | Midnight Lace |
Blue Green Obsidian
eBay and Etsy are popular marketplaces to obtain raw obsidians. Various eCommerce jewelry sites are selling ready to use jewelry made from different kinds of obsidian rocks and for a variety of jewelry products. The online marketplaces including Alibaba and others are selling sorted and unsorted rough obsidian natural stones are weighing from 1/4lb to 1-2lbs.
Wrapping It Up
In the series of identifying various rocks and natural stones at World of Stones, USA, we have explored different aspects of obsidian rocks such as meaning, uses, facts, properties, and colors of obsidians.
Aqua Blue Obsidian Metaphysical Properties
World of Stones, USA is an excellent place to buy a variety of natural rocks mainly used for exterior applications in the building construction industry. If you are interested to know about rocks and stones, keep reading blogs at World of Stones.
Blue Obsidian Facts
Rainbow Obsidian“The various colors of obsidian are a result of several factors. Clear varieties of obsidian contain very few opaque
of hematite or limonite (iron oxide). Abundant, microscopic crystals of minerals like magnetite, hornblende,
obsidian. Microscopic crystals of various types of feldspars may yield the unique blue, green, purple or bronze
orientation of microscopic crystals of feldspar or mica oriented along flow layers.
A certain amount of water always is present in obsidian. Very small inclusions of water vapor in the form of
in obsidian generally cause the reflectance of gold sheen and silver sheen obsidian. Some of these bubbles are
years, which is very youthful in comparison to most continental rocks that form the Earth's crust. Over a long
crystals that develop through devitrification cause obsidian to lose its conchoidal fracture and glassy texture.”
information source courtesy of...http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/obsidian
Obsidian is relatively soft with a typical hardness rating of 5 to 5.5. Obsidian, unlike crystals, has no regular
demand for making jewelery and artistic carvings and displays.
Obsidian can be found in locations which have experienced rhyolitic eruptions. It can be found in Argentina,
Kenya, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Scotland, Turkey and the United States. Obsidian flows
Cascade Range of western North America, and at Inyo Craters east of the Sierra Nevada in California.
Yellowstone National Park has a mountainside containing obsidian located between Mammoth Hot Springs and the
New Mexico, Texas, Utah, Washington, Oregon and Idaho. Obsidian can also be found in the eastern U.S. states